UniTask/README.md

UniTask
===
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Provides an efficient allocation free async/await integration for Unity.

* Struct based `UniTask<T>` and custom AsyncMethodBuilder to achieve zero allocation
* Makes all Unity AsyncOperations and Coroutines awaitable
* PlayerLoop based task(`UniTask.Yield`, `UniTask.Delay`, `UniTask.DelayFrame`, etc..) that enable replacing all coroutine operations
* MonoBehaviour Message Events and uGUI Events as awaitable/async-enumerable
* Runs completely on Unity's PlayerLoop so doesn't use threads and runs on WebGL, wasm, etc.
* Asynchronous LINQ, with Channel and AsyncReactiveProperty
* TaskTracker window to prevent memory leaks
* Highly compatible behaviour with Task/ValueTask/IValueTaskSource

For technical details, see blog post: [UniTask v2 — Zero Allocation async/await for Unity, with Asynchronous LINQ
](https://medium.com/@neuecc/unitask-v2-zero-allocation-async-await-for-unity-with-asynchronous-linq-1aa9c96aa7dd)  
For advanced tips, see blog post: [Extends UnityWebRequest via async decorator pattern — Advanced Techniques of UniTask](https://medium.com/@neuecc/extends-unitywebrequest-via-async-decorator-pattern-advanced-techniques-of-unitask-ceff9c5ee846)

<!-- START doctoc generated TOC please keep comment here to allow auto update -->
<!-- DON'T EDIT THIS SECTION, INSTEAD RE-RUN doctoc TO UPDATE -->
## Table of Contents

- [Getting started](#getting-started)
- [Basics of UniTask and AsyncOperation](#basics-of-unitask-and-asyncoperation)
- [Cancellation and Exception handling](#cancellation-and-exception-handling)
- [Timeout handling](#timeout-handling)
- [Progress](#progress)
- [PlayerLoop](#playerloop)
- [async void vs async UniTaskVoid](#async-void-vs-async-unitaskvoid)
- [UniTaskTracker](#unitasktracker)
- [External Assets](#external-assets)
- [AsyncEnumerable and Async LINQ](#asyncenumerable-and-async-linq)
- [Awaitable Events](#awaitable-events)
- [Channel](#channel)
- [For Unit Testing](#for-unit-testing)
- [ThreadPool limitation](#threadpool-limitation)
- [IEnumerator.ToUniTask limitation](#ienumeratortounitask-limitation)
- [For UnityEditor](#for-unityeditor)
- [Compare with Standard Task API](#compare-with-standard-task-api)
- [Pooling Configuration](#pooling-configuration)
- [Allocation on Profiler](#allocation-on-profiler)
- [UniTaskSynchronizationContext](#unitasksynchronizationcontext)
- [API References](#api-references)
- [UPM Package](#upm-package)
  - [Install via git URL](#install-via-git-url)
  - [Install via OpenUPM](#install-via-openupm)
- [.NET Core](#net-core)
- [License](#license)

<!-- END doctoc generated TOC please keep comment here to allow auto update -->

Getting started
---
Install via [UPM package](#upm-package) or asset package(`UniTask.*.*.*.unitypackage`) available in [UniTask/releases](https://github.com/Cysharp/UniTask/releases) page.

```csharp
// extension awaiter/methods can be used by this namespace
using Cysharp.Threading.Tasks;

// You can return type as struct UniTask<T>(or UniTask), it is unity specialized lightweight alternative of Task<T>
// zero allocation and fast excution for zero overhead async/await integrate with Unity
async UniTask<string> DemoAsync()
{
    // You can await Unity's AsyncObject
    var asset = await Resources.LoadAsync<TextAsset>("foo");
    var txt = (await UnityWebRequest.Get("https://...").SendWebRequest()).downloadHandler.text;
    await SceneManager.LoadSceneAsync("scene2");

    // .WithCancellation enables Cancel, GetCancellationTokenOnDestroy synchornizes with lifetime of GameObject
    var asset2 = await Resources.LoadAsync<TextAsset>("bar").WithCancellation(this.GetCancellationTokenOnDestroy());

    // .ToUniTask accepts progress callback(and all options), Progress.Create is a lightweight alternative of IProgress<T>
    var asset3 = await Resources.LoadAsync<TextAsset>("baz").ToUniTask(Progress.Create<float>(x => Debug.Log(x)));

    // await frame-based operation like a coroutine
    await UniTask.DelayFrame(100); 

    // replacement of yield return new WaitForSeconds/WaitForSecondsRealtime
    await UniTask.Delay(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10), ignoreTimeScale: false);
    
    // yield any playerloop timing(PreUpdate, Update, LateUpdate, etc...)
    await UniTask.Yield(PlayerLoopTiming.PreLateUpdate);

    // replacement of yield return null
    await UniTask.Yield();
    await UniTask.NextFrame();

    // replacement of WaitForEndOfFrame(requires MonoBehaviour(CoroutineRunner))
    await UniTask.WaitForEndOfFrame(this); // this is MonoBehaviour

    // replacement of yield return new WaitForFixedUpdate(same as UniTask.Yield(PlayerLoopTiming.FixedUpdate))
    await UniTask.WaitForFixedUpdate();
    
    // replacement of yield return WaitUntil
    await UniTask.WaitUntil(() => isActive == false);

    // special helper of WaitUntil
    await UniTask.WaitUntilValueChanged(this, x => x.isActive);

    // You can await IEnumerator coroutines
    await FooCoroutineEnumerator();

    // You can await a standard task
    await Task.Run(() => 100);

    // Multithreading, run on ThreadPool under this code
    await UniTask.SwitchToThreadPool();

    /* work on ThreadPool */

    // return to MainThread(same as `ObserveOnMainThread` in UniRx)
    await UniTask.SwitchToMainThread();

    // get async webrequest
    async UniTask<string> GetTextAsync(UnityWebRequest req)
    {
        var op = await req.SendWebRequest();
        return op.downloadHandler.text;
    }

    var task1 = GetTextAsync(UnityWebRequest.Get("http://google.com"));
    var task2 = GetTextAsync(UnityWebRequest.Get("http://bing.com"));
    var task3 = GetTextAsync(UnityWebRequest.Get("http://yahoo.com"));

    // concurrent async-wait and get results easily by tuple syntax
    var (google, bing, yahoo) = await UniTask.WhenAll(task1, task2, task3);

    // shorthand of WhenAll, tuple can await directly
    var (google2, bing2, yahoo2) = await (task1, task2, task3);

    // return async-value.(or you can use `UniTask`(no result), `UniTaskVoid`(fire and forget)).
    return (asset as TextAsset)?.text ?? throw new InvalidOperationException("Asset not found");
}
```

Basics of UniTask and AsyncOperation
---
UniTask features rely on C# 7.0([task-like custom async method builder feature](https://github.com/dotnet/roslyn/blob/master/docs/features/task-types.md)) so the required Unity version is after `Unity 2018.3`, the official lowest version supported is `Unity 2018.4.13f1`.

Why is UniTask(custom task-like object) required? Because Task is too heavy and not matched to Unity threading (single-thread). UniTask does not use threads and SynchronizationContext/ExecutionContext because Unity's asynchronous object is automaticaly dispatched by Unity's engine layer. It achieves faster and lower allocation, and is completely integrated with Unity.

You can await `AsyncOperation`, `ResourceRequest`, `AssetBundleRequest`, `AssetBundleCreateRequest`, `UnityWebRequestAsyncOperation`, `AsyncGPUReadbackRequest`, `IEnumerator` and others when `using Cysharp.Threading.Tasks;`.

UniTask provides three pattern of extension methods.

```csharp
* await asyncOperation;
* .WithCancellation(CancellationToken);
* .ToUniTask(IProgress, PlayerLoopTiming, CancellationToken);
```

`WithCancellation` is a simple version of `ToUniTask`, both return `UniTask`. For details of cancellation, see: [Cancellation and Exception handling](#cancellation-and-exception-handling) section.

> Note: await directly is returned from native timing of PlayerLoop but WithCancellation and ToUniTask are returned from specified PlayerLoopTiming. For details of timing, see: [PlayerLoop](#playerloop) section.

> Note: AssetBundleRequest has `asset` and `allAssets`, default await returns `asset`. If you want to get `allAssets`, you can use `AwaitForAllAssets()` method.

The type of `UniTask` can use utilities like `UniTask.WhenAll`, `UniTask.WhenAny`. They are like `Task.WhenAll`/`Task.WhenAny` but the return type is more useful. They return value tuples so you can deconstruct each result and pass multiple types.

```csharp
public async UniTaskVoid LoadManyAsync()
{
    // parallel load.
    var (a, b, c) = await UniTask.WhenAll(
        LoadAsSprite("foo"),
        LoadAsSprite("bar"),
        LoadAsSprite("baz"));
}

async UniTask<Sprite> LoadAsSprite(string path)
{
    var resource = await Resources.LoadAsync<Sprite>(path);
    return (resource as Sprite);
}
```

If you want to convert a callback to UniTask, you can use `UniTaskCompletionSource<T>` which is a lightweight edition of `TaskCompletionSource<T>`. 

```csharp
public UniTask<int> WrapByUniTaskCompletionSource()
{
    var utcs = new UniTaskCompletionSource<int>();

    // when complete, call utcs.TrySetResult();
    // when failed, call utcs.TrySetException();
    // when cancel, call utcs.TrySetCanceled();

    return utcs.Task; //return UniTask<int>
}
```

You can convert Task -> UniTask: `AsUniTask`, `UniTask` -> `UniTask<AsyncUnit>`: `AsAsyncUnitUniTask`, `UniTask<T>` -> `UniTask`: `AsUniTask`. `UniTask<T>` -> `UniTask`'s conversion cost is free.

If you want to convert async to coroutine, you can use `.ToCoroutine()`, this is useful if you want to only allow using the coroutine system.

UniTask can not await twice. This is a similar constraint to the [ValueTask/IValueTaskSource](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.threading.tasks.valuetask-1?view=netcore-3.1) introduced in .NET Standard 2.1.

> The following operations should never be performed on a ValueTask<TResult> instance:
>
> * Awaiting the instance multiple times.
> * Calling AsTask multiple times.
> * Using .Result or .GetAwaiter().GetResult() when the operation hasn't yet completed, or using them multiple times.
> * Using more than one of these techniques to consume the instance.
>
> If you do any of the above, the results are undefined.

```csharp
var task = UniTask.DelayFrame(10);
await task;
await task; // NG, throws Exception
```

Store to the class field, you can use `UniTask.Lazy` that supports calling multiple times. `.Preserve()` allows for multiple calls (internally cached results). This is useful when there are multiple calls in a function scope.

Also `UniTaskCompletionSource` can await multiple times and await from many callers.

Cancellation and Exception handling
---
Some UniTask factory methods have a `CancellationToken cancellationToken = default` parameter. Also some async operations for Unity have `WithCancellation(CancellationToken)` and `ToUniTask(..., CancellationToken cancellation = default)` extension methods. 

You can pass `CancellationToken` to parameter by standard [`CancellationTokenSource`](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.threading.cancellationtokensource).

```csharp
var cts = new CancellationTokenSource();

cancelButton.onClick.AddListener(() =>
{
    cts.Cancel();
});

await UnityWebRequest.Get("http://google.co.jp").SendWebRequest().WithCancellation(cts.Token);

await UniTask.DelayFrame(1000, cancellationToken: cts.Token);
```

CancellationToken can be created by `CancellationTokenSource` or MonoBehaviour's extension method `GetCancellationTokenOnDestroy`.

```csharp
// this CancellationToken lifecycle is same as GameObject.
await UniTask.DelayFrame(1000, cancellationToken: this.GetCancellationTokenOnDestroy());
```

For propagate Cancellation, all async method recommend to accept `CancellationToken cancellationToken` at last argument, and pass `CancellationToken` from root to end.

```csharp
await FooAsync(this.GetCancellationTokenOnDestroy());

// ---

async UniTask FooAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
    await BarAsync(cancellationToken);
}

async UniTask BarAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
    await UniTask.Delay(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3), cancellationToken);
}
```

`CancellationToken` means lifecycle of async. You can hold your own lifecycle insteadof default CancellationTokenOnDestroy.

```csharp
public class MyBehaviour : MonoBehaviour
{
    CancellationTokenSource disableCancellation = new CancellationTokenSource();
    CancellationTokenSource destroyCancellation = new CancellationTokenSource();

    private void OnEnable()
    {
        if (disableCancellation != null)
        {
            disableCancellation.Dispose();
        }
        disableCancellation = new CancellationTokenSource();
    }

    private void OnDisable()
    {
        disableCancellation.Cancel();
    }

    private void OnDestroy()
    {
        destroyCancellation.Cancel();
        destroyCancellation.Dispose();
    }
}
```

When cancellation is detected, all methods throw `OperationCanceledException` and propagate upstream. When exception(not limited to `OperationCanceledException`) is not handled in async method, it is propagated finally to `UniTaskScheduler.UnobservedTaskException`. The default behaviour of received unhandled exception is to write log as exception. Log level can be changed using `UniTaskScheduler.UnobservedExceptionWriteLogType`. If you want to use custom behaviour, set an action to `UniTaskScheduler.UnobservedTaskException.`

Andalso `OperationCanceledException` is a special exception, this is silently ignored at `UnobservedTaskException`.

If you want to cancel behaviour in an async UniTask method, throw `OperationCanceledException` manually.

```csharp
public async UniTask<int> FooAsync()
{
    await UniTask.Yield();
    throw new OperationCanceledException();
}
```

If you handle an exception but want to ignore(propagate to global cancellation handling), use an exception filter.

```csharp
public async UniTask<int> BarAsync()
{
    try
    {
        var x = await FooAsync();
        return x * 2;
    }
    catch (Exception ex) when (!(ex is OperationCanceledException)) // when (ex is not OperationCanceledException) at C# 9.0
    {
        return -1;
    }
}
```

throws/catch `OperationCanceledException` is slightly heavy, so if performance is a concern, use `UniTask.SuppressCancellationThrow` to avoid OperationCanceledException throw. It returns `(bool IsCanceled, T Result)` instead of throwing.

```csharp
var (isCanceled, _) = await UniTask.DelayFrame(10, cancellationToken: cts.Token).SuppressCancellationThrow();
if (isCanceled)
{
    // ...
}
```

Note: Only suppress throws if you call directly into the most source method. Otherwise, the return value will be converted, but the entire pipeline will not suppress throws.

Timeout handling
---
Timeout is a variation of cancellation. You can set timeout by `CancellationTokenSouce.CancelAfterSlim(TimeSpan)` and pass CancellationToken to async methods.

```csharp
var cts = new CancellationTokenSource();
cts.CancelAfterSlim(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5)); // 5sec timeout.

try
{
    await UnityWebRequest.Get("http://foo").SendWebRequest().WithCancellation(cts.Token);
}
catch (OperationCanceledException ex)
{
    if (ex.CancellationToken == cts.Token)
    {
        UnityEngine.Debug.Log("Timeout");
    }
}
```

> `CancellationTokenSouce.CancelAfter` is a standard api. However in Unity you should not use it because it depends threading timer. `CancelAfterSlim` is UniTask's extension methods, it uses PlayerLoop instead.

If you want to use timeout with other source of cancellation, use `CancellationTokenSource.CreateLinkedTokenSource`.

```csharp
var cancelToken = new CancellationTokenSource();
cancelButton.onClick.AddListener(()=>
{
    cancelToken.Cancel(); // cancel from button click.
});

var timeoutToken = new CancellationTokenSource();
timeoutToken.CancelAfterSlim(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5)); // 5sec timeout.

try
{
    // combine token
    var linkedTokenSource = CancellationTokenSource.CreateLinkedTokenSource(cancelToken.Token, timeoutToken.Token);

    await UnityWebRequest.Get("http://foo").SendWebRequest().WithCancellation(linkedTokenSource.Token);
}
catch (OperationCanceledException ex)
{
    if (timeoutToken.IsCancellationRequested)
    {
        UnityEngine.Debug.Log("Timeout.");
    }
    else if (cancelToken.IsCancellationRequested)
    {
        UnityEngine.Debug.Log("Cancel clicked.");
    }
}
```

Optimize for reduce allocation of CancellationTokenSource for timeout per call async method, you can use UniTask's `TimeoutController`.

```csharp
TimeoutController timeoutController = new TimeoutController(); // setup to field for reuse.

async UniTask FooAsync()
{
    try
    {
        // you can pass timeoutController.Timeout(TimeSpan) to cancellationToken.
        await UnityWebRequest.Get("http://foo").SendWebRequest()
            .WithCancellation(timeoutController.Timeout(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5)));
        timeoutController.Reset(); // call Reset(Stop timeout timer and ready for reuse) when succeed.
    }
    catch (OperationCanceledException ex)
    {
        if (timeoutController.IsTimeout())
        {
            UnityEngine.Debug.Log("timeout");
        }
    }
}
```

If you want to use timeout with other source of cancellation, use `new TimeoutController(CancellationToken)`.

```csharp
TimeoutController timeoutController;
CancellationTokenSource clickCancelSource;

void Start()
{
    this.clickCancelSource = new CancellationTokenSource();
    this.timeoutController = new TimeoutController(clickCancelSource);
}
```

Note: UniTask has `.Timeout`, `.TimeoutWithoutException` methods however, if possible, do not use these, please pass `CancellationToken`. Because `.Timeout` work from external of task, can not stop timeoutted task. `.Timeout` means ignore result when timeout. If you pass a `CancellationToken` to the method, it will act from inside of the task, so it is possible to stop a running task.

Progress
---
Some async operations for unity have `ToUniTask(IProgress<float> progress = null, ...)` extension methods. 

```csharp
var progress = Progress.Create<float>(x => Debug.Log(x));

var request = await UnityWebRequest.Get("http://google.co.jp")
    .SendWebRequest()
    .ToUniTask(progress: progress);
```

You should not use standard `new System.Progress<T>`, because it causes allocation every time. Use `Cysharp.Threading.Tasks.Progress` instead. This progress factory has two methods, `Create` and `CreateOnlyValueChanged`. `CreateOnlyValueChanged` calls only when the progress value has changed.

Implementing IProgress interface to caller is better as there is no lambda allocation.

```csharp
public class Foo : MonoBehaviour, IProgress<float>
{
    public void Report(float value)
    {
        UnityEngine.Debug.Log(value);
    }

    public async UniTaskVoid WebRequest()
    {
        var request = await UnityWebRequest.Get("http://google.co.jp")
            .SendWebRequest()
            .ToUniTask(progress: this); // pass this
    }
}
```

PlayerLoop
---
UniTask is run on a custom [PlayerLoop](https://docs.unity3d.com/ScriptReference/LowLevel.PlayerLoop.html). UniTask's playerloop based methods (such as `Delay`, `DelayFrame`, `asyncOperation.ToUniTask`, etc...) accept this `PlayerLoopTiming`.

```csharp
public enum PlayerLoopTiming
{
    Initialization = 0,
    LastInitialization = 1,

    EarlyUpdate = 2,
    LastEarlyUpdate = 3,

    FixedUpdate = 4,
    LastFixedUpdate = 5,

    PreUpdate = 6,
    LastPreUpdate = 7,

    Update = 8,
    LastUpdate = 9,

    PreLateUpdate = 10,
    LastPreLateUpdate = 11,

    PostLateUpdate = 12,
    LastPostLateUpdate = 13
    
#if UNITY_2020_2_OR_NEWER
    TimeUpdate = 14,
    LastTimeUpdate = 15,
#endif
}
```

It indicates when to run, you can check [PlayerLoopList.md](https://gist.github.com/neuecc/bc3a1cfd4d74501ad057e49efcd7bdae) to Unity's default playerloop and injected UniTask's custom loop.

`PlayerLoopTiming.Update` is similar to `yield return null` in a coroutine, but it is called before Update(Update and uGUI events(button.onClick, etc...) are called on `ScriptRunBehaviourUpdate`, yield return null is called on `ScriptRunDelayedDynamicFrameRate`). `PlayerLoopTiming.FixedUpdate` is similar to `WaitForFixedUpdate`.

> `PlayerLoopTiming.LastPostLateUpdate` is not equivalent to coroutine's `yield return new WaitForEndOfFrame()`. Coroutine's WaitForEndOfFrame seems to run after the PlayerLoop is done. Some methods that require coroutine's end of frame(`Texture2D.ReadPixels`, `ScreenCapture.CaptureScreenshotAsTexture`, `CommandBuffer`, etc) do not work correctly when replaced with async/await. In these cases, pass MonoBehaviour(coroutine runnner) to `UniTask.WaitForEndOfFrame`. For example, `await UniTask.WaitForEndOfFrame(this);` is lightweight allocation free alternative of `yield return new WaitForEndOfFrame()`.

`yield return null` and `UniTask.Yield` are similar but different. `yield return null` always returns next frame but `UniTask.Yield` returns next called. That is, call `UniTask.Yield(PlayerLoopTiming.Update)` on `PreUpdate`, it returns same frame. `UniTask.NextFrame()` guarantees return next frame, you can expect this to behave exactly the same as `yield return null`.

> UniTask.Yield(without CancellationToken) is a special type, returns `YieldAwaitable` and runs on YieldRunner. It is the most lightweight and fastest.

`AsyncOperation` is returned from native timing. For example, await `SceneManager.LoadSceneAsync` is returned from `EarlyUpdate.UpdatePreloading` and after being called, the loaded scene's `Start` is called from `EarlyUpdate.ScriptRunDelayedStartupFrame`. Also `await UnityWebRequest` is returned from `EarlyUpdate.ExecuteMainThreadJobs`.

In UniTask, await directly uses native timing, while `WithCancellation` and `ToUniTask` use specified timing. This is usually not a particular problem, but with `LoadSceneAsync`, it causes a different order of Start and continuation after await. So it is recommended not to use `LoadSceneAsync.ToUniTask`.

In the stacktrace, you can check where it is running in playerloop.

![image](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/46207/83735571-83caea80-a68b-11ea-8d22-5e22864f0d24.png)

By default, UniTask's PlayerLoop is initialized at `[RuntimeInitializeOnLoadMethod(RuntimeInitializeLoadType.BeforeSceneLoad)]`.

The order in which methods are called in BeforeSceneLoad is nondeterministic, so if you want to use UniTask in other BeforeSceneLoad methods, you should try to initialize it before this.

```csharp
// AfterAssembliesLoaded is called before BeforeSceneLoad
[RuntimeInitializeOnLoadMethod(RuntimeInitializeLoadType.AfterAssembliesLoaded)]
public static void InitUniTaskLoop()
{
    var loop = PlayerLoop.GetCurrentPlayerLoop();
    Cysharp.Threading.Tasks.PlayerLoopHelper.Initialize(ref loop);
}
```

If you import Unity's `Entities` package, that resets the custom player loop to default at `BeforeSceneLoad` and injects ECS's loop. When Unity calls ECS's inject method after UniTask's initialize method, UniTask will no longer work.

To solve this issue, you can re-initialize the UniTask PlayerLoop after ECS is initialized.

```csharp
// Get ECS Loop.
var playerLoop = ScriptBehaviourUpdateOrder.CurrentPlayerLoop;

// Setup UniTask's PlayerLoop.
PlayerLoopHelper.Initialize(ref playerLoop);
```

You can diagnose whether UniTask's player loop is ready by calling `PlayerLoopHelper.IsInjectedUniTaskPlayerLoop()`. And also `PlayerLoopHelper.DumpCurrentPlayerLoop` logs all current playerloops to console.

```csharp
void Start()
{
    UnityEngine.Debug.Log("UniTaskPlayerLoop ready? " + PlayerLoopHelper.IsInjectedUniTaskPlayerLoop());
    PlayerLoopHelper.DumpCurrentPlayerLoop();
}
```

You can optimize loop cost slightly by remove unuse PlayerLoopTiming injection. You can call `PlayerLoopHelper.Initialize(InjectPlayerLoopTimings)` on initialize.

```csharp
var loop = PlayerLoop.GetCurrentPlayerLoop();
PlayerLoopHelper.Initialize(ref loop, InjectPlayerLoopTimings.Minimum); // minimum is Update | FixedUpdate | LastPostLateUpdate
```

`InjectPlayerLoopTimings` has three preset, `All` and `Standard`(All without last except LastPostLateUpdate), `Minimum`(`Update | FixedUpdate | LastPostLateUpdate`). Default is All and you can combine custom inject timings like `InjectPlayerLoopTimings.Update | InjectPlayerLoopTimings.FixedUpdate | InjectPlayerLoopTimings.PreLateUpdate`.

You can make error to use uninjected `PlayerLoopTiming` by [Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.BannedApiAnalyzers](https://github.com/dotnet/roslyn-analyzers/blob/master/src/Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.BannedApiAnalyzers/BannedApiAnalyzers.Help.md). For example, you can setup `BannedSymbols.txt` like this for `InjectPlayerLoopTimings.Minimum`.

```txt
F:Cysharp.Threading.Tasks.PlayerLoopTiming.Initialization; Isn't injected this PlayerLoop in this project.
F:Cysharp.Threading.Tasks.PlayerLoopTiming.LastInitialization; Isn't injected this PlayerLoop in this project.
F:Cysharp.Threading.Tasks.PlayerLoopTiming.EarlyUpdate; Isn't injected this PlayerLoop in this project.
F:Cysharp.Threading.Tasks.PlayerLoopTiming.LastEarlyUpdate; Isn't injected this PlayerLoop in this project.d
F:Cysharp.Threading.Tasks.PlayerLoopTiming.LastFixedUpdate; Isn't injected this PlayerLoop in this project.
F:Cysharp.Threading.Tasks.PlayerLoopTiming.PreUpdate; Isn't injected this PlayerLoop in this project.
F:Cysharp.Threading.Tasks.PlayerLoopTiming.LastPreUpdate; Isn't injected this PlayerLoop in this project.
F:Cysharp.Threading.Tasks.PlayerLoopTiming.LastUpdate; Isn't injected this PlayerLoop in this project.
F:Cysharp.Threading.Tasks.PlayerLoopTiming.PreLateUpdate; Isn't injected this PlayerLoop in this project.
F:Cysharp.Threading.Tasks.PlayerLoopTiming.LastPreLateUpdate; Isn't injected this PlayerLoop in this project.
F:Cysharp.Threading.Tasks.PlayerLoopTiming.PostLateUpdate; Isn't injected this PlayerLoop in this project.
F:Cysharp.Threading.Tasks.PlayerLoopTiming.TimeUpdate; Isn't injected this PlayerLoop in this project.
F:Cysharp.Threading.Tasks.PlayerLoopTiming.LastTimeUpdate; Isn't injected this PlayerLoop in this project.
```

You can configure `RS0030` severity to error.

![image](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/46207/109150837-bb933880-77ac-11eb-85ba-4fd15819dbd0.png)

async void vs async UniTaskVoid
---
`async void` is a standard C# task system so it does not run on UniTask systems. It is better not to use it. `async UniTaskVoid` is a lightweight version of `async UniTask` because it does not have awaitable completion and reports errors immediately to `UniTaskScheduler.UnobservedTaskException`. If you don't require awaiting (fire and forget), using `UniTaskVoid` is better. Unfortunately to dismiss warning, you're required to call `Forget()`.

```csharp
public async UniTaskVoid FireAndForgetMethod()
{
    // do anything...
    await UniTask.Yield();
}

public void Caller()
{
    FireAndForgetMethod().Forget();
}
```

Also UniTask has the `Forget` method, it is similar to `UniTaskVoid` and has the same effects. However `UniTaskVoid` is more efficient if you completely don't use `await`。

```csharp
public async UniTask DoAsync()
{
    // do anything...
    await UniTask.Yield();
}

public void Caller()
{
    DoAsync().Forget();
}
```

To use an async lambda registered to an event, don't use `async void`. Instead you can use `UniTask.Action` or `UniTask.UnityAction`, both of which create a delegate via `async UniTaskVoid` lambda.

```csharp
Action actEvent;
UnityAction unityEvent; // especially used in uGUI

// Bad: async void
actEvent += async () => { };
unityEvent += async () => { };

// Ok: create Action delegate by lambda
actEvent += UniTask.Action(async () => { await UniTask.Yield(); });
unityEvent += UniTask.UnityAction(async () => { await UniTask.Yield(); });
```

`UniTaskVoid` can also be used in MonoBehaviour's `Start` method.

```csharp
class Sample : MonoBehaviour
{
    async UniTaskVoid Start()
    {
        // async init code.
    }
}
```

UniTaskTracker
---
useful for checking (leaked) UniTasks. You can open tracker window in `Window -> UniTask Tracker`.

![image](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/46207/83527073-4434bf00-a522-11ea-86e9-3b3975b26266.png)

* Enable AutoReload(Toggle) - Reload automatically.
* Reload - Reload view.
* GC.Collect - Invoke GC.Collect.
* Enable Tracking(Toggle) - Start to track async/await UniTask. Performance impact: low.
* Enable StackTrace(Toggle) - Capture StackTrace when task is started. Performance impact: high.

UniTaskTracker is intended for debugging use only as enabling tracking and capturing stacktraces is useful but has a heavy performance impact. Recommended usage is to enable both tracking and stacktraces to find task leaks and to disable them both when done.

External Assets
---
By default, UniTask supports TextMeshPro(`BindTo(TMP_Text)` and `TMP_InputField` event extensions like standard uGUI `InputField`), DOTween(`Tween` as awaitable) and Addressables(`AsyncOperationHandle` and `AsyncOperationHandle<T>` as awaitable).

There are defined in separated asmdefs like `UniTask.TextMeshPro`, `UniTask.DOTween`, `UniTask.Addressables`.

TextMeshPro and Addressables support are automatically enabled when importing their packages from package manager. However for DOTween support, it is required to import `com.demigiant.dotween` from [OpenUPM](https://openupm.com/packages/com.demigiant.dotween/) or to define `UNITASK_DOTWEEN_SUPPORT` to enable it.

```csharp
// sequential
await transform.DOMoveX(2, 10);
await transform.DOMoveZ(5, 20);

// parallel with cancellation
var ct = this.GetCancellationTokenOnDestroy();

await UniTask.WhenAll(
    transform.DOMoveX(10, 3).WithCancellation(ct),
    transform.DOScale(10, 3).WithCancellation(ct));
```

DOTween support's default behaviour(`await`, `WithCancellation`, `ToUniTask`) awaits tween is killed. It works on both Complete(true/false) and Kill(true/false). But if you want to reuse tweens (`SetAutoKill(false)`), it does not work as expected. If you want to await for another timing, the following extension methods exist in Tween, `AwaitForComplete`, `AwaitForPause`, `AwaitForPlay`, `AwaitForRewind`, `AwaitForStepComplete`.

AsyncEnumerable and Async LINQ
---
Unity 2020.2 supports C# 8.0 so you can use `await foreach`. This is the new Update notation in the async era.

```csharp
// Unity 2020.2, C# 8.0
await foreach (var _ in UniTaskAsyncEnumerable.EveryUpdate(token))
{
    Debug.Log("Update() " + Time.frameCount);
}
```

In a C# 7.3 environment, you can use the `ForEachAsync` method to work in almost the same way.

```csharp
// C# 7.3(Unity 2018.3~)
await UniTaskAsyncEnumerable.EveryUpdate(token).ForEachAsync(_ =>
{
    Debug.Log("Update() " + Time.frameCount);
});
```

UniTaskAsyncEnumerable implements asynchronous LINQ, similar to LINQ in `IEnumerable<T>` or Rx in `IObservable<T>`. All standard LINQ query operators can be applied to asynchronous streams. For example, the following code shows how to apply a Where filter to a button-click asynchronous stream that runs once every two clicks.

```csharp
await okButton.OnClickAsAsyncEnumerable().Where((x, i) => i % 2 == 0).ForEachAsync(_ =>
{
});
```

Fire and Forget style(for example, event handling), you can also use `Subscribe`.

```csharp
okButton.OnClickAsAsyncEnumerable().Where((x, i) => i % 2 == 0).Subscribe(_ =>
{
});
```

Async LINQ is enabled when `using Cysharp.Threading.Tasks.Linq;`, and `UniTaskAsyncEnumerable` is defined in `UniTask.Linq` asmdef.

It's closer to UniRx (Reactive Extensions), but UniTaskAsyncEnumerable is a pull-based asynchronous stream, whereas Rx was a push-based asynchronous stream. Note that although similar, the characteristics are different and the details behave differently along with them.

`UniTaskAsyncEnumerable` is the entry point like `Enumerable`. In addition to the standard query operators, there are other generators for Unity such as `EveryUpdate`, `Timer`, `TimerFrame`, `Interval`, `IntervalFrame`, and `EveryValueChanged`. And also added additional UniTask original query operators like `Append`, `Prepend`, `DistinctUntilChanged`, `ToHashSet`, `Buffer`, `CombineLatest`, `Do`, `Never`, `ForEachAsync`, `Pairwise`, `Publish`, `Queue`, `Return`, `SkipUntil`, `TakeUntil`, `SkipUntilCanceled`, `TakeUntilCanceled`, `TakeLast`, `Subscribe`.

The method with Func as an argument has three additional overloads, `***Await`, `***AwaitWithCancellation`.

```csharp
Select(Func<T, TR> selector)
SelectAwait(Func<T, UniTask<TR>> selector)
SelectAwaitWithCancellation(Func<T, CancellationToken, UniTask<TR>> selector)
```

If you want to use the `async` method inside the func, use the `***Await` or `***AwaitWithCancellation`.

How to create an async iterator: C# 8.0 supports async iterator(`async yield return`) but it only allows `IAsyncEnumerable<T>` and of course requires C# 8.0. UniTask supports `UniTaskAsyncEnumerable.Create` method to create custom async iterator.

```csharp
// IAsyncEnumerable, C# 8.0 version of async iterator. ( do not use this style, IAsyncEnumerable is not controled in UniTask).
public async IAsyncEnumerable<int> MyEveryUpdate([EnumeratorCancellation]CancellationToken cancelationToken = default)
{
    var frameCount = 0;
    await UniTask.Yield();
    while (!token.IsCancellationRequested)
    {
        yield return frameCount++;
        await UniTask.Yield();
    }
}

// UniTaskAsyncEnumerable.Create and use `await writer.YieldAsync` instead of `yield return`.
public IUniTaskAsyncEnumerable<int> MyEveryUpdate()
{
    // writer(IAsyncWriter<T>) has `YieldAsync(value)` method.
    return UniTaskAsyncEnumerable.Create<int>(async (writer, token) =>
    {
        var frameCount = 0;
        await UniTask.Yield();
        while (!token.IsCancellationRequested)
        {
            await writer.YieldAsync(frameCount++); // instead of `yield return`
            await UniTask.Yield();
        }
    });
}
```

Awaitable Events
---
All uGUI component implements `***AsAsyncEnumerable` to convert asynchronous streams of events.

```csharp
async UniTask TripleClick()
{
    // In default, used button.GetCancellationTokenOnDestroy to manage lieftime of async
    await button.OnClickAsync();
    await button.OnClickAsync();
    await button.OnClickAsync();
    Debug.Log("Three times clicked");
}

// more efficient way
async UniTask TripleClick()
{
    using (var handler = button.GetAsyncClickEventHandler())
    {
        await handler.OnClickAsync();
        await handler.OnClickAsync();
        await handler.OnClickAsync();
        Debug.Log("Three times clicked");
    }
}

// use async LINQ
async UniTask TripleClick(CancellationToken token)
{
    await button.OnClickAsAsyncEnumerable().Take(3).Last();
    Debug.Log("Three times clicked");
}

// use async LINQ2
async UniTask TripleClick(CancellationToken token)
{
    await button.OnClickAsAsyncEnumerable().Take(3).ForEachAsync(_ =>
    {
        Debug.Log("Every clicked");
    });
    Debug.Log("Three times clicked, complete.");
}
```

All MonoBehaviour message events can convert async-streams by `AsyncTriggers` that can be enabled by `using Cysharp.Threading.Tasks.Triggers;`. AsyncTrigger can be created using `GetAsync***Trigger` and triggers itself as UniTaskAsyncEnumerable.

```csharp
var trigger = this.GetOnCollisionEnterAsyncHandler();
await trigger.OnCollisionEnterAsync();
await trigger.OnCollisionEnterAsync();
await trigger.OnCollisionEnterAsync();

// every moves.
await this.GetAsyncMoveTrigger().ForEachAsync(axisEventData =>
{
});
```

`AsyncReactiveProperty`, `AsyncReadOnlyReactiveProperty` is UniTask's version of ReactiveProperty. `BindTo` extension method of `IUniTaskAsyncEnumerable<T>` for binding asynchronous stream values to Unity components(Text/Selectable/TMP/Text).

```csharp
var rp = new AsyncReactiveProperty<int>(99);

// AsyncReactiveProperty itself is IUniTaskAsyncEnumerable, you can query by LINQ
rp.ForEachAsync(x =>
{
    Debug.Log(x);
}, this.GetCancellationTokenOnDestroy()).Forget();

rp.Value = 10; // push 10 to all subscriber
rp.Value = 11; // push 11 to all subscriber

// WithoutCurrent ignore initial value
// BindTo bind stream value to unity components.
rp.WithoutCurrent().BindTo(this.textComponent);

await rp.WaitAsync(); // wait until next value set

// also exists ToReadOnlyAsyncReactiveProperty
var rp2 = new AsyncReactiveProperty<int>(99);
var rorp = rp.CombineLatest(rp2, (x, y) => (x, y)).ToReadOnlyAsyncReactiveProperty(CancellationToken.None);
```

A pull-type asynchronous stream does not get the next values until the asynchronous processing in the sequence is complete. This could spill data from push-type events such as buttons.

```csharp
// can not get click event during 3 seconds complete.
await button.OnClickAsAsyncEnumerable().ForEachAwaitAsync(async x =>
{
    await UniTask.Delay(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3));
});
```

It is useful (prevent double-click) but not useful sometimes.

Using the `Queue()` method will also queue events during asynchronous processing.

```csharp
// queued message in asynchronous processing
await button.OnClickAsAsyncEnumerable().Queue().ForEachAwaitAsync(async x =>
{
    await UniTask.Delay(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3));
});
```

Or use `Subscribe`, fire and forget style.

```csharp
button.OnClickAsAsyncEnumerable().Subscribe(async x =>
{
    await UniTask.Delay(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3));
});
```

Channel
---
`Channel` is the same as [System.Threading.Tasks.Channels](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.threading.channels?view=netcore-3.1) which is similar to a GoLang Channel.

Currently it only supports multiple-producer, single-consumer unbounded channels. It can create by `Channel.CreateSingleConsumerUnbounded<T>()`.

For producer(`.Writer`), use `TryWrite` to push value and `TryComplete` to complete channel. For consumer(`.Reader`), use `TryRead`, `WaitToReadAsync`, `ReadAsync`, `Completion` and `ReadAllAsync` to read queued messages.

`ReadAllAsync` returns `IUniTaskAsyncEnumerable<T>` so query LINQ operators. Reader only allows single-consumer but uses `.Publish()` query operator to enable multicast message. For example, make pub/sub utility.

```csharp
public class AsyncMessageBroker<T> : IDisposable
{
    Channel<T> channel;

    IConnectableUniTaskAsyncEnumerable<T> multicastSource;
    IDisposable connection;

    public AsyncMessageBroker()
    {
        channel = Channel.CreateSingleConsumerUnbounded<T>();
        multicastSource = channel.Reader.ReadAllAsync().Publish();
        connection = multicastSource.Connect(); // Publish returns IConnectableUniTaskAsyncEnumerable.
    }

    public void Publish(T value)
    {
        channel.Writer.TryWrite(value);
    }

    public IUniTaskAsyncEnumerable<T> Subscribe()
    {
        return multicastSource;
    }

    public void Dispose()
    {
        channel.Writer.TryComplete();
        connection.Dispose();
    }
}
```

For Unit Testing
---
Unity's `[UnityTest]` attribute can test coroutine(IEnumerator) but can not test async. `UniTask.ToCoroutine` bridges async/await to coroutine so you can test async methods.

```csharp
[UnityTest]
public IEnumerator DelayIgnore() => UniTask.ToCoroutine(async () =>
{
    var time = Time.realtimeSinceStartup;

    Time.timeScale = 0.5f;
    try
    {
        await UniTask.Delay(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3), ignoreTimeScale: true);

        var elapsed = Time.realtimeSinceStartup - time;
        Assert.AreEqual(3, (int)Math.Round(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(elapsed).TotalSeconds, MidpointRounding.ToEven));
    }
    finally
    {
        Time.timeScale = 1.0f;
    }
});
```

UniTask's own unit tests are written using Unity Test Runner and [Cysharp/RuntimeUnitTestToolkit](https://github.com/Cysharp/RuntimeUnitTestToolkit) to integrate with CI and check if IL2CPP is working.

ThreadPool limitation
---
Most UniTask methods run on a single thread (PlayerLoop), with only `UniTask.Run` and `UniTask.SwitchToThreadPool` running on a thread pool. If you use a thread pool, it won't work with WebGL and so on.

`UniTask.Run` will be deprecated in the future (marked with an Obsolete) and only `RunOnThreadPool` will be used. If you use `UniTask.Run`, consider whether you can use `UniTask.Create` or `UniTask.Void`.

IEnumerator.ToUniTask limitation
---
You can convert coroutine(IEnumerator) to UniTask(or await directly) but it has some limitations.

* `WaitForEndOfFrame`/`WaitForFixedUpdate`/`Coroutine` is not supported.
* Consuming loop timing is not the same as `StartCoroutine`, it uses the specified `PlayerLoopTiming` and the default `PlayerLoopTiming.Update` is run before MonoBehaviour's `Update` and `StartCoroutine`'s loop.

If you want fully compatible conversion from coroutine to async, use the `IEnumerator.ToUniTask(MonoBehaviour coroutineRunner)` overload. It executes StartCoroutine on an instance of the argument MonoBehaviour and waits for it to complete in UniTask.

For UnityEditor
---
UniTask can run on Unity Editor like an Editor Coroutine. However, there are some limitations.

* UniTask.Delay's DelayType.DeltaTime, UnscaledDeltaTime do not work correctly because they can not get deltaTime in editor. Therefore run on EditMode, automatically change DelayType to `DelayType.Realtime` that wait for the right time.
* All PlayerLoopTiming run on the timing `EditorApplication.update`.
* `-batchmode` with `-quit` does not work because Unity does not run `EditorApplication.update` and quit after a single frame. Instead, don't use `-quit` and quit manually with `EditorApplication.Exit(0)`.

Compare with Standard Task API
---
UniTask has many standard Task-like APIs. This table shows what the alternative apis are.

Use standard type.

| .NET Type | UniTask Type | 
| --- | --- |
| `IProgress<T>` | --- |
| `CancellationToken` | --- | 
| `CancellationTokenSource` | --- |

Use UniTask type.

| .NET Type | UniTask Type | 
| --- | --- |
| `Task`/`ValueTask` | `UniTask` |
| `Task<T>`/`ValueTask<T>` | `UniTask<T>` |
| `async void` | `async UniTaskVoid` | 
| `+= async () => { }` | `UniTask.Void`, `UniTask.Action`, `UniTask.UnityAction` |
| --- | `UniTaskCompletionSource` |
| `TaskCompletionSource<T>` | `UniTaskCompletionSource<T>`/`AutoResetUniTaskCompletionSource<T>` |
| `ManualResetValueTaskSourceCore<T>` | `UniTaskCompletionSourceCore<T>` |
| `IValueTaskSource` | `IUniTaskSource` |
| `IValueTaskSource<T>` | `IUniTaskSource<T>` |
| `ValueTask.IsCompleted` | `UniTask.Status.IsCompleted()` |
| `ValueTask<T>.IsCompleted` | `UniTask<T>.Status.IsCompleted()` |
| `new Progress<T>` | `Progress.Create<T>` |
| `CancellationToken.Register(UnsafeRegister)` | `CancellationToken.RegisterWithoutCaptureExecutionContext` |
| `CancellationTokenSource.CancelAfter` | `CancellationTokenSource.CancelAfterSlim` |
| `Channel.CreateUnbounded<T>(false){ SingleReader = true }` | `Channel.CreateSingleConsumerUnbounded<T>` |
| `IAsyncEnumerable<T>` | `IUniTaskAsyncEnumerable<T>` |
| `IAsyncEnumerator<T>` | `IUniTaskAsyncEnumerator<T>` |
| `IAsyncDisposable` | `IUniTaskAsyncDisposable` |
| `Task.Delay` | `UniTask.Delay` |
| `Task.Yield` | `UniTask.Yield` |
| `Task.Run` | `UniTask.Run` |
| `Task.WhenAll` | `UniTask.WhenAll` |
| `Task.WhenAny` | `UniTask.WhenAny` |
| `Task.CompletedTask` | `UniTask.CompletedTask` |
| `Task.FromException` | `UniTask.FromException` |
| `Task.FromResult` | `UniTask.FromResult` |
| `Task.FromCanceled` | `UniTask.FromCanceled` |
| `Task.ContinueWith` | `UniTask.ContinueWith` |
| `TaskScheduler.UnobservedTaskException` | `UniTaskScheduler.UnobservedTaskException` |

Pooling Configuration
---
UniTask aggressively caches async promise objects to achieve zero allocation (for technical details, see blog post [UniTask v2 — Zero Allocation async/await for Unity, with Asynchronous LINQ](https://medium.com/@neuecc/unitask-v2-zero-allocation-async-await-for-unity-with-asynchronous-linq-1aa9c96aa7dd)). By default, it caches all promises but you can configure `TaskPool.SetMaxPoolSize` to your value, the value indicates cache size per type. `TaskPool.GetCacheSizeInfo` returns currently cached objects in pool.

```csharp
foreach (var (type, size) in TaskPool.GetCacheSizeInfo())
{
    Debug.Log(type + ":" + size);
}
```

Allocation on Profiler
---
In UnityEditor the profiler shows allocation of compiler generated AsyncStateMachine but it only occurs in debug(development) build. C# Compiler generates AsyncStateMachine as class on Debug build and as struct on Release build.

Unity supports Code Optimization option starting in 2020.1 (right, footer).

![](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/46207/89967342-2f944600-dc8c-11ea-99fc-0b74527a16f6.png)

You can change C# compiler optimization to release to remove AsyncStateMachine allocation in development builds. This optimization option can also be set via `Compilation.CompilationPipeline-codeOptimization`, and `Compilation.CodeOptimization`.

UniTaskSynchronizationContext
---
Unity's default SynchronizationContext(`UnitySynchronizationContext`) is a poor implementation for performance. UniTask bypasses `SynchronizationContext`(and `ExecutionContext`) so it does not use it but if exists in `async Task`, still used it. `UniTaskSynchronizationContext` is a replacement of `UnitySynchronizationContext` which is better for performance.

```csharp
public class SyncContextInjecter
{
    [RuntimeInitializeOnLoadMethod(RuntimeInitializeLoadType.SubsystemRegistration)]
    public static void Inject()
    {
        SynchronizationContext.SetSynchronizationContext(new UniTaskSynchronizationContext());
    }
}
```

This is an optional choice and is not always recommended; `UniTaskSynchronizationContext` is less performant than `async UniTask` and is not a complete UniTask replacement. It also does not guarantee full behavioral compatibility with the `UnitySynchronizationContext`.

API References
---
UniTask's API References are hosted at [cysharp.github.io/UniTask](https://cysharp.github.io/UniTask/api/Cysharp.Threading.Tasks.html) by [DocFX](https://dotnet.github.io/docfx/) and [Cysharp/DocfXTemplate](https://github.com/Cysharp/DocfxTemplate).

For example, UniTask's factory methods can be seen at [UniTask#methods](https://cysharp.github.io/UniTask/api/Cysharp.Threading.Tasks.UniTask.html#methods-1). UniTaskAsyncEnumerable's factory/extension methods can be seen at [UniTaskAsyncEnumerable#methods](https://cysharp.github.io/UniTask/api/Cysharp.Threading.Tasks.Linq.UniTaskAsyncEnumerable.html#methods-1).

UPM Package
---
### Install via git URL

Requires a version of unity that supports path query parameter for git packages (Unity >= 2019.3.4f1, Unity >= 2020.1a21). You can add `https://github.com/Cysharp/UniTask.git?path=src/UniTask/Assets/Plugins/UniTask` to Package Manager

![image](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/46207/79450714-3aadd100-8020-11ea-8aae-b8d87fc4d7be.png)

![image](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/46207/83702872-e0f17c80-a648-11ea-8183-7469dcd4f810.png)

or add `"com.cysharp.unitask": "https://github.com/Cysharp/UniTask.git?path=src/UniTask/Assets/Plugins/UniTask"` to `Packages/manifest.json`.

If you want to set a target version, UniTask uses the `*.*.*` release tag so you can specify a version like `#2.1.0`. For example `https://github.com/Cysharp/UniTask.git?path=src/UniTask/Assets/Plugins/UniTask#2.1.0`.

### Install via OpenUPM

The package is available on the [openupm registry](https://openupm.com). It's recommended to install it via [openupm-cli](https://github.com/openupm/openupm-cli).

```
openupm add com.cysharp.unitask
```

.NET Core
---
For .NET Core, use NuGet.

> PM> Install-Package [UniTask](https://www.nuget.org/packages/UniTask)

UniTask of .NET Core version is a subset of Unity UniTask with PlayerLoop dependent methods removed.

It runs at higher performance than the standard Task/ValueTask, but you should be careful to ignore the ExecutionContext/SynchronizationContext when using it. `AysncLocal` also does not work because it ignores ExecutionContext.

If you use UniTask internally, but provide ValueTask as an external API, you can write it like the following(Inspired by [PooledAwait](https://github.com/mgravell/PooledAwait)).

```csharp
public class ZeroAllocAsyncAwaitInDotNetCore
{
    public ValueTask<int> DoAsync(int x, int y)
    {
        return Core(this, x, y);

        static async UniTask<int> Core(ZeroAllocAsyncAwaitInDotNetCore self, int x, int y)
        {
            // do anything...
            await Task.Delay(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(x + y));
            await UniTask.Yield();

            return 10;
        }
    }
}

// UniTask does not return to original SynchronizationContext but you can use helper `ReturnToCurrentSynchronizationContext`.
public ValueTask TestAsync()
{
    await using (UniTask.ReturnToCurrentSynchronizationContext())
    {
        await UniTask.SwitchToThreadPool();
        // do anything..
    }
}
```

.NET Core version is intended to allow users to use UniTask as an interface when sharing code with Unity (such as [Cysharp/MagicOnion](https://github.com/Cysharp/MagicOnion/)). .NET Core version of UniTask enables smooth code sharing.

Utility methods such as WhenAll which are equivalent to UniTask are provided as [Cysharp/ValueTaskSupplement](https://github.com/Cysharp/ValueTaskSupplement).

License
---
This library is under the MIT License.