using LeanCloud.Storage.Internal;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Linq.Expressions;
using System.Reflection;

namespace LeanCloud
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Provides extension methods for <see cref="AVQuery{T}"/> to support
    /// Linq-style queries.
    /// </summary>
    public static class AVQueryExtensions
    {
        private static readonly MethodInfo getMethod;
        private static readonly MethodInfo stringContains;
        private static readonly MethodInfo stringStartsWith;
        private static readonly MethodInfo stringEndsWith;
        private static readonly MethodInfo containsMethod;
        private static readonly MethodInfo notContainsMethod;
        private static readonly MethodInfo containsKeyMethod;
        private static readonly MethodInfo notContainsKeyMethod;
        private static readonly Dictionary<MethodInfo, MethodInfo> functionMappings;
        static AVQueryExtensions()
        {
            getMethod = GetMethod<AVObject>(obj => obj.Get<int>(null)).GetGenericMethodDefinition();
            stringContains = GetMethod<string>(str => str.Contains(null));
            stringStartsWith = GetMethod<string>(str => str.StartsWith(null));
            stringEndsWith = GetMethod<string>(str => str.EndsWith(null));
            functionMappings = new Dictionary<MethodInfo, MethodInfo> {
        {
          stringContains,
          GetMethod<AVQuery<AVObject>>(q => q.WhereContains(null, null))
        },
        {
          stringStartsWith,
          GetMethod<AVQuery<AVObject>>(q => q.WhereStartsWith(null, null))
        },
        {
          stringEndsWith,
          GetMethod<AVQuery<AVObject>>(q => q.WhereEndsWith(null,null))
        },
      };
            containsMethod = GetMethod<object>(
                o => AVQueryExtensions.ContainsStub<object>(null, null)).GetGenericMethodDefinition();
            notContainsMethod = GetMethod<object>(
                o => AVQueryExtensions.NotContainsStub<object>(null, null))
                    .GetGenericMethodDefinition();

            containsKeyMethod = GetMethod<object>(o => AVQueryExtensions.ContainsKeyStub(null, null));
            notContainsKeyMethod = GetMethod<object>(
              o => AVQueryExtensions.NotContainsKeyStub(null, null));
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets a MethodInfo for a top-level method call.
        /// </summary>
        private static MethodInfo GetMethod<T>(Expression<Action<T>> expression)
        {
            return (expression.Body as MethodCallExpression).Method;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// When a query is normalized, this is a placeholder to indicate we should
        /// add a WhereContainedIn() clause.
        /// </summary>
        private static bool ContainsStub<T>(object collection, T value)
        {
            throw new NotImplementedException(
                "Exists only for expression translation as a placeholder.");
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// When a query is normalized, this is a placeholder to indicate we should
        /// add a WhereNotContainedIn() clause.
        /// </summary>
        private static bool NotContainsStub<T>(object collection, T value)
        {
            throw new NotImplementedException(
                "Exists only for expression translation as a placeholder.");
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// When a query is normalized, this is a placeholder to indicate that we should
        /// add a WhereExists() clause.
        /// </summary>
        private static bool ContainsKeyStub(AVObject obj, string key)
        {
            throw new NotImplementedException(
                "Exists only for expression translation as a placeholder.");
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// When a query is normalized, this is a placeholder to indicate that we should
        /// add a WhereDoesNotExist() clause.
        /// </summary>
        private static bool NotContainsKeyStub(AVObject obj, string key)
        {
            throw new NotImplementedException(
                "Exists only for expression translation as a placeholder.");
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Evaluates an expression and throws if the expression has components that can't be
        /// evaluated (e.g. uses the parameter that's only represented by an object on the server).
        /// </summary>
        private static object GetValue(Expression exp)
        {
            try
            {
                return Expression.Lambda(
                    typeof(Func<>).MakeGenericType(exp.Type), exp).Compile().DynamicInvoke();
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                throw new InvalidOperationException("Unable to evaluate expression: " + exp, e);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Checks whether the MethodCallExpression is a call to AVObject.Get(),
        /// which is the call we normalize all indexing into the AVObject to.
        /// </summary>
        private static bool IsAVObjectGet(MethodCallExpression node)
        {
            if (node == null || node.Object == null)
            {
                return false;
            }
            if (!typeof(AVObject).GetTypeInfo().IsAssignableFrom(node.Object.Type.GetTypeInfo()))
            {
                return false;
            }
            return node.Method.IsGenericMethod && node.Method.GetGenericMethodDefinition() == getMethod;
        }


        /// <summary>
        /// Visits an Expression, converting AVObject.Get/AVObject[]/AVObject.Property,
        /// and nested indices into a single call to AVObject.Get() with a "field path" like
        /// "foo.bar.baz"
        /// </summary>
        private class ObjectNormalizer : ExpressionVisitor
        {
            protected override Expression VisitIndex(IndexExpression node)
            {
                var visitedObject = Visit(node.Object);
                var indexer = visitedObject as MethodCallExpression;
                if (IsAVObjectGet(indexer))
                {
                    var indexValue = GetValue(node.Arguments[0]) as string;
                    if (indexValue == null)
                    {
                        throw new InvalidOperationException("Index must be a string");
                    }
                    var newPath = GetValue(indexer.Arguments[0]) + "." + indexValue;
                    return Expression.Call(indexer.Object,
                        getMethod.MakeGenericMethod(node.Type),
                        Expression.Constant(newPath, typeof(string)));
                }
                return base.VisitIndex(node);
            }

            /// <summary>
            /// Check for a AVFieldName attribute and use that as the path component, turning
            /// properties like foo.ObjectId into foo.Get("objectId")
            /// </summary>
            protected override Expression VisitMember(MemberExpression node)
            {
                var fieldName = node.Member.GetCustomAttribute<AVFieldNameAttribute>();
                if (fieldName != null &&
                    typeof(AVObject).GetTypeInfo().IsAssignableFrom(node.Expression.Type.GetTypeInfo()))
                {
                    var newPath = fieldName.FieldName;
                    return Expression.Call(node.Expression,
                        getMethod.MakeGenericMethod(node.Type),
                        Expression.Constant(newPath, typeof(string)));
                }
                return base.VisitMember(node);
            }

            /// <summary>
            /// If a AVObject.Get() call has been cast, just change the generic parameter.
            /// </summary>
            protected override Expression VisitUnary(UnaryExpression node)
            {
                var methodCall = Visit(node.Operand) as MethodCallExpression;
                if ((node.NodeType == ExpressionType.Convert ||
                    node.NodeType == ExpressionType.ConvertChecked) &&
                    IsAVObjectGet(methodCall))
                {
                    return Expression.Call(methodCall.Object,
                        getMethod.MakeGenericMethod(node.Type),
                        methodCall.Arguments);
                }
                return base.VisitUnary(node);
            }

            protected override Expression VisitMethodCall(MethodCallExpression node)
            {
                if (node.Method.Name == "get_Item" && node.Object is ParameterExpression)
                {
                    var indexPath = GetValue(node.Arguments[0]) as string;
                    return Expression.Call(node.Object,
                        getMethod.MakeGenericMethod(typeof(object)),
                        Expression.Constant(indexPath, typeof(string)));
                }

                if (node.Method.Name == "get_Item" || IsAVObjectGet(node))
                {
                    var visitedObject = Visit(node.Object);
                    var indexer = visitedObject as MethodCallExpression;
                    if (IsAVObjectGet(indexer))
                    {
                        var indexValue = GetValue(node.Arguments[0]) as string;
                        if (indexValue == null)
                        {
                            throw new InvalidOperationException("Index must be a string");
                        }
                        var newPath = GetValue(indexer.Arguments[0]) + "." + indexValue;
                        return Expression.Call(indexer.Object,
                            getMethod.MakeGenericMethod(node.Type),
                            Expression.Constant(newPath, typeof(string)));
                    }
                }
                return base.VisitMethodCall(node);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Normalizes Where expressions.
        /// </summary>
        private class WhereNormalizer : ExpressionVisitor
        {

            /// <summary>
            /// Normalizes binary operators. &lt;, &gt;, &lt;=, &gt;= !=, and ==
            /// This puts the AVObject.Get() on the left side of the operation
            /// (reversing it if necessary), and normalizes the AVObject.Get()
            /// </summary>
            protected override Expression VisitBinary(BinaryExpression node)
            {
                var leftTransformed = new ObjectNormalizer().Visit(node.Left) as MethodCallExpression;
                var rightTransformed = new ObjectNormalizer().Visit(node.Right) as MethodCallExpression;

                MethodCallExpression objectExpression;
                Expression filterExpression;
                bool inverted;
                if (leftTransformed != null)
                {
                    objectExpression = leftTransformed;
                    filterExpression = node.Right;
                    inverted = false;
                }
                else
                {
                    objectExpression = rightTransformed;
                    filterExpression = node.Left;
                    inverted = true;
                }

                try
                {
                    switch (node.NodeType)
                    {
                        case ExpressionType.GreaterThan:
                            if (inverted)
                            {
                                return Expression.LessThan(objectExpression, filterExpression);
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                return Expression.GreaterThan(objectExpression, filterExpression);
                            }
                        case ExpressionType.GreaterThanOrEqual:
                            if (inverted)
                            {
                                return Expression.LessThanOrEqual(objectExpression, filterExpression);
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                return Expression.GreaterThanOrEqual(objectExpression, filterExpression);
                            }
                        case ExpressionType.LessThan:
                            if (inverted)
                            {
                                return Expression.GreaterThan(objectExpression, filterExpression);
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                return Expression.LessThan(objectExpression, filterExpression);
                            }
                        case ExpressionType.LessThanOrEqual:
                            if (inverted)
                            {
                                return Expression.GreaterThanOrEqual(objectExpression, filterExpression);
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                return Expression.LessThanOrEqual(objectExpression, filterExpression);
                            }
                        case ExpressionType.Equal:
                            return Expression.Equal(objectExpression, filterExpression);
                        case ExpressionType.NotEqual:
                            return Expression.NotEqual(objectExpression, filterExpression);
                    }
                }
                catch (ArgumentException)
                {
                    throw new InvalidOperationException("Operation not supported: " + node);
                }
                return base.VisitBinary(node);
            }

            /// <summary>
            /// If a ! operator is used, this removes the ! and instead calls the equivalent
            /// function (so e.g. == becomes !=, &lt; becomes &gt;=, Contains becomes NotContains)
            /// </summary>
            protected override Expression VisitUnary(UnaryExpression node)
            {
                // Normalizes inversion
                if (node.NodeType == ExpressionType.Not)
                {
                    var visitedOperand = Visit(node.Operand);
                    var binaryOperand = visitedOperand as BinaryExpression;
                    if (binaryOperand != null)
                    {
                        switch (binaryOperand.NodeType)
                        {
                            case ExpressionType.GreaterThan:
                                return Expression.LessThanOrEqual(binaryOperand.Left, binaryOperand.Right);
                            case ExpressionType.GreaterThanOrEqual:
                                return Expression.LessThan(binaryOperand.Left, binaryOperand.Right);
                            case ExpressionType.LessThan:
                                return Expression.GreaterThanOrEqual(binaryOperand.Left, binaryOperand.Right);
                            case ExpressionType.LessThanOrEqual:
                                return Expression.GreaterThan(binaryOperand.Left, binaryOperand.Right);
                            case ExpressionType.Equal:
                                return Expression.NotEqual(binaryOperand.Left, binaryOperand.Right);
                            case ExpressionType.NotEqual:
                                return Expression.Equal(binaryOperand.Left, binaryOperand.Right);
                        }
                    }

                    var methodCallOperand = visitedOperand as MethodCallExpression;
                    if (methodCallOperand != null)
                    {
                        if (methodCallOperand.Method.IsGenericMethod)
                        {
                            if (methodCallOperand.Method.GetGenericMethodDefinition() == containsMethod)
                            {
                                var genericNotContains = notContainsMethod.MakeGenericMethod(
                                    methodCallOperand.Method.GetGenericArguments());
                                return Expression.Call(genericNotContains, methodCallOperand.Arguments.ToArray());
                            }
                            if (methodCallOperand.Method.GetGenericMethodDefinition() == notContainsMethod)
                            {
                                var genericContains = containsMethod.MakeGenericMethod(
                                    methodCallOperand.Method.GetGenericArguments());
                                return Expression.Call(genericContains, methodCallOperand.Arguments.ToArray());
                            }
                        }
                        if (methodCallOperand.Method == containsKeyMethod)
                        {
                            return Expression.Call(notContainsKeyMethod, methodCallOperand.Arguments.ToArray());
                        }
                        if (methodCallOperand.Method == notContainsKeyMethod)
                        {
                            return Expression.Call(containsKeyMethod, methodCallOperand.Arguments.ToArray());
                        }
                    }
                }
                return base.VisitUnary(node);
            }

            /// <summary>
            /// Normalizes .Equals into == and Contains() into the appropriate stub.
            /// </summary>
            protected override Expression VisitMethodCall(MethodCallExpression node)
            {
                // Convert .Equals() into ==
                if (node.Method.Name == "Equals" &&
                    node.Method.ReturnType == typeof(bool) &&
                    node.Method.GetParameters().Length == 1)
                {
                    var obj = new ObjectNormalizer().Visit(node.Object) as MethodCallExpression;
                    var parameter = new ObjectNormalizer().Visit(node.Arguments[0]) as MethodCallExpression;
                    if ((IsAVObjectGet(obj) && (obj.Object is ParameterExpression)) ||
                        (IsAVObjectGet(parameter) && (parameter.Object is ParameterExpression)))
                    {
                        return Expression.Equal(node.Object, node.Arguments[0]);
                    }
                }

                // Convert the .Contains() into a ContainsStub
                if (node.Method != stringContains &&
                    node.Method.Name == "Contains" &&
                    node.Method.ReturnType == typeof(bool) &&
                    node.Method.GetParameters().Length <= 2)
                {
                    var collection = node.Method.GetParameters().Length == 1 ?
                        node.Object :
                        node.Arguments[0];
                    var parameterIndex = node.Method.GetParameters().Length - 1;
                    var parameter = new ObjectNormalizer().Visit(node.Arguments[parameterIndex])
                        as MethodCallExpression;
                    if (IsAVObjectGet(parameter) && (parameter.Object is ParameterExpression))
                    {
                        var genericContains = containsMethod.MakeGenericMethod(parameter.Type);
                        return Expression.Call(genericContains, collection, parameter);
                    }
                    var target = new ObjectNormalizer().Visit(collection) as MethodCallExpression;
                    var element = node.Arguments[parameterIndex];
                    if (IsAVObjectGet(target) && (target.Object is ParameterExpression))
                    {
                        var genericContains = containsMethod.MakeGenericMethod(element.Type);
                        return Expression.Call(genericContains, target, element);
                    }
                }

                // Convert obj["foo.bar"].ContainsKey("baz") into obj.ContainsKey("foo.bar.baz")
                if (node.Method.Name == "ContainsKey" &&
                    node.Method.ReturnType == typeof(bool) &&
                    node.Method.GetParameters().Length == 1)
                {
                    var getter = new ObjectNormalizer().Visit(node.Object) as MethodCallExpression;
                    Expression target = null;
                    string path = null;
                    if (IsAVObjectGet(getter) && getter.Object is ParameterExpression)
                    {
                        target = getter.Object;
                        path = GetValue(getter.Arguments[0]) + "." + GetValue(node.Arguments[0]);
                        return Expression.Call(containsKeyMethod, target, Expression.Constant(path));
                    }
                    else if (node.Object is ParameterExpression)
                    {
                        target = node.Object;
                        path = GetValue(node.Arguments[0]) as string;
                    }
                    if (target != null && path != null)
                    {
                        return Expression.Call(containsKeyMethod, target, Expression.Constant(path));
                    }
                }
                return base.VisitMethodCall(node);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Converts a normalized method call expression into the appropriate AVQuery clause.
        /// </summary>
        private static AVQuery<T> WhereMethodCall<T>(
            this AVQuery<T> source, Expression<Func<T, bool>> expression, MethodCallExpression node)
            where T : AVObject
        {
            if (IsAVObjectGet(node) && (node.Type == typeof(bool) || node.Type == typeof(bool?)))
            {
                // This is a raw boolean field access like 'where obj.Get<bool>("foo")'
                return source.WhereEqualTo(GetValue(node.Arguments[0]) as string, true);
            }

            MethodInfo translatedMethod;
            if (functionMappings.TryGetValue(node.Method, out translatedMethod))
            {
                var objTransformed = new ObjectNormalizer().Visit(node.Object) as MethodCallExpression;
                if (!(IsAVObjectGet(objTransformed) &&
                    objTransformed.Object == expression.Parameters[0]))
                {
                    throw new InvalidOperationException(
                      "The left-hand side of a supported function call must be a AVObject field access.");
                }
                var fieldPath = GetValue(objTransformed.Arguments[0]);
                var containedIn = GetValue(node.Arguments[0]);
                var queryType = translatedMethod.DeclaringType.GetGenericTypeDefinition()
                    .MakeGenericType(typeof(T));
                translatedMethod = ReflectionHelpers.GetMethod(queryType,
                    translatedMethod.Name,
                    translatedMethod.GetParameters().Select(p => p.ParameterType).ToArray());
                return translatedMethod.Invoke(source, new[] { fieldPath, containedIn }) as AVQuery<T>;
            }

            if (node.Arguments[0] == expression.Parameters[0])
            {
                // obj.ContainsKey("foo") --> query.WhereExists("foo")
                if (node.Method == containsKeyMethod)
                {
                    return source.WhereExists(GetValue(node.Arguments[1]) as string);
                }
                // !obj.ContainsKey("foo") --> query.WhereDoesNotExist("foo")
                if (node.Method == notContainsKeyMethod)
                {
                    return source.WhereDoesNotExist(GetValue(node.Arguments[1]) as string);
                }
            }

            if (node.Method.IsGenericMethod)
            {
                if (node.Method.GetGenericMethodDefinition() == containsMethod)
                {
                    // obj.Get<IList<T>>("path").Contains(someValue)
                    if (IsAVObjectGet(node.Arguments[0] as MethodCallExpression))
                    {
                        return source.WhereEqualTo(
                            GetValue(((MethodCallExpression)node.Arguments[0]).Arguments[0]) as string,
                            GetValue(node.Arguments[1]));
                    }
                    // someList.Contains(obj.Get<T>("path"))
                    if (IsAVObjectGet(node.Arguments[1] as MethodCallExpression))
                    {
                        var collection = GetValue(node.Arguments[0]) as System.Collections.IEnumerable;
                        return source.WhereContainedIn(
                            GetValue(((MethodCallExpression)node.Arguments[1]).Arguments[0]) as string,
                            collection.Cast<object>());
                    }
                }

                if (node.Method.GetGenericMethodDefinition() == notContainsMethod)
                {
                    // !obj.Get<IList<T>>("path").Contains(someValue)
                    if (IsAVObjectGet(node.Arguments[0] as MethodCallExpression))
                    {
                        return source.WhereNotEqualTo(
                            GetValue(((MethodCallExpression)node.Arguments[0]).Arguments[0]) as string,
                            GetValue(node.Arguments[1]));
                    }
                    // !someList.Contains(obj.Get<T>("path"))
                    if (IsAVObjectGet(node.Arguments[1] as MethodCallExpression))
                    {
                        var collection = GetValue(node.Arguments[0]) as System.Collections.IEnumerable;
                        return source.WhereNotContainedIn(
                            GetValue(((MethodCallExpression)node.Arguments[1]).Arguments[0]) as string,
                            collection.Cast<object>());
                    }
                }
            }
            throw new InvalidOperationException(node.Method + " is not a supported method call in a where expression.");
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Converts a normalized binary expression into the appropriate AVQuery clause.
        /// </summary>
        private static AVQuery<T> WhereBinaryExpression<T>(
            this AVQuery<T> source, Expression<Func<T, bool>> expression, BinaryExpression node)
            where T : AVObject
        {
            var leftTransformed = new ObjectNormalizer().Visit(node.Left) as MethodCallExpression;

            if (!(IsAVObjectGet(leftTransformed) &&
                leftTransformed.Object == expression.Parameters[0]))
            {
                throw new InvalidOperationException(
                  "Where expressions must have one side be a field operation on a AVObject.");
            }

            var fieldPath = GetValue(leftTransformed.Arguments[0]) as string;
            var filterValue = GetValue(node.Right);

            if (filterValue != null && !AVEncoder.IsValidType(filterValue))
            {
                throw new InvalidOperationException(
                  "Where clauses must use types compatible with AVObjects.");
            }

            switch (node.NodeType)
            {
                case ExpressionType.GreaterThan:
                    return source.WhereGreaterThan(fieldPath, filterValue);
                case ExpressionType.GreaterThanOrEqual:
                    return source.WhereGreaterThanOrEqualTo(fieldPath, filterValue);
                case ExpressionType.LessThan:
                    return source.WhereLessThan(fieldPath, filterValue);
                case ExpressionType.LessThanOrEqual:
                    return source.WhereLessThanOrEqualTo(fieldPath, filterValue);
                case ExpressionType.Equal:
                    return source.WhereEqualTo(fieldPath, filterValue);
                case ExpressionType.NotEqual:
                    return source.WhereNotEqualTo(fieldPath, filterValue);
                default:
                    throw new InvalidOperationException(
                      "Where expressions do not support this operator.");
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Filters a query based upon the predicate provided.
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="TSource">The type of AVObject being queried for.</typeparam>
        /// <param name="source">The base <see cref="AVQuery{TSource}"/> to which
        /// the predicate will be added.</param>
        /// <param name="predicate">A function to test each AVObject for a condition.
        /// The predicate must be able to be represented by one of the standard Where
        /// functions on AVQuery</param>
        /// <returns>A new AVQuery whose results will match the given predicate as
        /// well as the Source's filters.</returns>
        public static AVQuery<TSource> Where<TSource>(
            this AVQuery<TSource> source, Expression<Func<TSource, bool>> predicate)
            where TSource : AVObject
        {
            // Handle top-level logic operators && and ||
            var binaryExpression = predicate.Body as BinaryExpression;
            if (binaryExpression != null)
            {
                if (binaryExpression.NodeType == ExpressionType.AndAlso)
                {
                    return source
                        .Where(Expression.Lambda<Func<TSource, bool>>(
                            binaryExpression.Left, predicate.Parameters))
                        .Where(Expression.Lambda<Func<TSource, bool>>(
                            binaryExpression.Right, predicate.Parameters));
                }
                if (binaryExpression.NodeType == ExpressionType.OrElse)
                {
                    var left = source.Where(Expression.Lambda<Func<TSource, bool>>(
                            binaryExpression.Left, predicate.Parameters));
                    var right = source.Where(Expression.Lambda<Func<TSource, bool>>(
                            binaryExpression.Right, predicate.Parameters));
                    return left.Or(right);
                }
            }

            var normalized = new WhereNormalizer().Visit(predicate.Body);

            var methodCallExpr = normalized as MethodCallExpression;
            if (methodCallExpr != null)
            {
                return source.WhereMethodCall(predicate, methodCallExpr);
            }

            var binaryExpr = normalized as BinaryExpression;
            if (binaryExpr != null)
            {
                return source.WhereBinaryExpression(predicate, binaryExpr);
            }

            var unaryExpr = normalized as UnaryExpression;
            if (unaryExpr != null && unaryExpr.NodeType == ExpressionType.Not)
            {
                var node = unaryExpr.Operand as MethodCallExpression;
                if (IsAVObjectGet(node) && (node.Type == typeof(bool) || node.Type == typeof(bool?)))
                {
                    // This is a raw boolean field access like 'where !obj.Get<bool>("foo")'
                    return source.WhereNotEqualTo(GetValue(node.Arguments[0]) as string, true);
                }
            }

            throw new InvalidOperationException(
              "Encountered an unsupported expression for AVQueries.");
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Normalizes an OrderBy's keySelector expression and then extracts the path
        /// from the AVObject.Get() call.
        /// </summary>
        private static string GetOrderByPath<TSource, TSelector>(
              Expression<Func<TSource, TSelector>> keySelector)
        {
            string result = null;
            var normalized = new ObjectNormalizer().Visit(keySelector.Body);
            var callExpr = normalized as MethodCallExpression;
            if (IsAVObjectGet(callExpr) && callExpr.Object == keySelector.Parameters[0])
            {
                // We're operating on the parameter
                result = GetValue(callExpr.Arguments[0]) as string;
            }
            if (result == null)
            {
                throw new InvalidOperationException(
                  "OrderBy expression must be a field access on a AVObject.");
            }
            return result;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Orders a query based upon the key selector provided.
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="TSource">The type of AVObject being queried for.</typeparam>
        /// <typeparam name="TSelector">The type of key returned by keySelector.</typeparam>
        /// <param name="source">The query to order.</param>
        /// <param name="keySelector">A function to extract a key from the AVObject.</param>
        /// <returns>A new AVQuery based on Source whose results will be ordered by
        /// the key specified in the keySelector.</returns>
        public static AVQuery<TSource> OrderBy<TSource, TSelector>(
            this AVQuery<TSource> source, Expression<Func<TSource, TSelector>> keySelector)
            where TSource : AVObject
        {
            return source.OrderBy(GetOrderByPath(keySelector));
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Orders a query based upon the key selector provided.
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="TSource">The type of AVObject being queried for.</typeparam>
        /// <typeparam name="TSelector">The type of key returned by keySelector.</typeparam>
        /// <param name="source">The query to order.</param>
        /// <param name="keySelector">A function to extract a key from the AVObject.</param>
        /// <returns>A new AVQuery based on Source whose results will be ordered by
        /// the key specified in the keySelector.</returns>
        public static AVQuery<TSource> OrderByDescending<TSource, TSelector>(
            this AVQuery<TSource> source, Expression<Func<TSource, TSelector>> keySelector)
            where TSource : AVObject
        {
            return source.OrderByDescending(GetOrderByPath(keySelector));
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Performs a subsequent ordering of a query based upon the key selector provided.
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="TSource">The type of AVObject being queried for.</typeparam>
        /// <typeparam name="TSelector">The type of key returned by keySelector.</typeparam>
        /// <param name="source">The query to order.</param>
        /// <param name="keySelector">A function to extract a key from the AVObject.</param>
        /// <returns>A new AVQuery based on Source whose results will be ordered by
        /// the key specified in the keySelector.</returns>
        public static AVQuery<TSource> ThenBy<TSource, TSelector>(
            this AVQuery<TSource> source, Expression<Func<TSource, TSelector>> keySelector)
            where TSource : AVObject
        {
            return source.ThenBy(GetOrderByPath(keySelector));
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Performs a subsequent ordering of a query based upon the key selector provided.
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="TSource">The type of AVObject being queried for.</typeparam>
        /// <typeparam name="TSelector">The type of key returned by keySelector.</typeparam>
        /// <param name="source">The query to order.</param>
        /// <param name="keySelector">A function to extract a key from the AVObject.</param>
        /// <returns>A new AVQuery based on Source whose results will be ordered by
        /// the key specified in the keySelector.</returns>
        public static AVQuery<TSource> ThenByDescending<TSource, TSelector>(
            this AVQuery<TSource> source, Expression<Func<TSource, TSelector>> keySelector)
            where TSource : AVObject
        {
            return source.ThenByDescending(GetOrderByPath(keySelector));
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Correlates the elements of two queries based on matching keys.
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="TOuter">The type of AVObjects of the first query.</typeparam>
        /// <typeparam name="TInner">The type of AVObjects of the second query.</typeparam>
        /// <typeparam name="TKey">The type of the keys returned by the key selector
        /// functions.</typeparam>
        /// <typeparam name="TResult">The type of the result. This must match either
        /// TOuter or TInner</typeparam>
        /// <param name="outer">The first query to join.</param>
        /// <param name="inner">The query to join to the first query.</param>
        /// <param name="outerKeySelector">A function to extract a join key from the results of
        /// the first query.</param>
        /// <param name="innerKeySelector">A function to extract a join key from the results of
        /// the second query.</param>
        /// <param name="resultSelector">A function to select either the outer or inner query
        /// result to determine which query is the base query.</param>
        /// <returns>A new AVQuery with a WhereMatchesQuery or WhereMatchesKeyInQuery
        /// clause based upon the query indicated in the <paramref name="resultSelector"/>.</returns>
        public static AVQuery<TResult> Join<TOuter, TInner, TKey, TResult>(
            this AVQuery<TOuter> outer,
            AVQuery<TInner> inner,
            Expression<Func<TOuter, TKey>> outerKeySelector,
            Expression<Func<TInner, TKey>> innerKeySelector,
            Expression<Func<TOuter, TInner, TResult>> resultSelector)
          where TOuter : AVObject
          where TInner : AVObject
          where TResult : AVObject
        {
            // resultSelector must select either the inner object or the outer object. If it's the inner
            // object, reverse the query.
            if (resultSelector.Body == resultSelector.Parameters[1])
            {
                // The inner object was selected.
                return inner.Join<TInner, TOuter, TKey, TInner>(
                    outer,
                    innerKeySelector,
                    outerKeySelector,
                    (i, o) => i) as AVQuery<TResult>;
            }
            if (resultSelector.Body != resultSelector.Parameters[0])
            {
                throw new InvalidOperationException("Joins must select either the outer or inner object.");
            }

            // Normalize both selectors
            Expression outerNormalized = new ObjectNormalizer().Visit(outerKeySelector.Body);
            Expression innerNormalized = new ObjectNormalizer().Visit(innerKeySelector.Body);
            MethodCallExpression outerAsGet = outerNormalized as MethodCallExpression;
            MethodCallExpression innerAsGet = innerNormalized as MethodCallExpression;
            if (IsAVObjectGet(outerAsGet) && outerAsGet.Object == outerKeySelector.Parameters[0])
            {
                var outerKey = GetValue(outerAsGet.Arguments[0]) as string;

                if (IsAVObjectGet(innerAsGet) && innerAsGet.Object == innerKeySelector.Parameters[0])
                {
                    // Both are key accesses, so treat this as a WhereMatchesKeyInQuery
                    var innerKey = GetValue(innerAsGet.Arguments[0]) as string;
                    return outer.WhereMatchesKeyInQuery(outerKey, innerKey, inner) as AVQuery<TResult>;
                }

                if (innerKeySelector.Body == innerKeySelector.Parameters[0])
                {
                    // The inner selector is on the result of the query itself, so treat this as a
                    // WhereMatchesQuery
                    return outer.WhereMatchesQuery(outerKey, inner) as AVQuery<TResult>;
                }
                throw new InvalidOperationException(
                    "The key for the joined object must be a AVObject or a field access " +
                    "on the AVObject.");
            }

            // TODO (hallucinogen): If we ever support "and" queries fully and/or support a "where this object
            // matches some key in some other query" (as opposed to requiring a key on this query), we
            // can add support for even more types of joins.

            throw new InvalidOperationException(
              "The key for the selected object must be a field access on the AVObject.");
        }
    }
}